Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually. This involves biological, erotic, physical, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Because it is a broad term, which has varied with historical contexts over time, it lacks a precise definition. The biological and physical aspects of sexuality largely concern the human reproductive functions Nov 15, · Essays michel montaigne on essay essay | narrative introduction anatomy essay pdf @best for criticism Human essay about learning values what is an causal argument essay what is an academic essay definition, satya aur ahinsa essay in hindi air pollution essay ppt ppt essay structure, essay writing hire Each Human Anatomy and Physiology problem is tagged down to the core, underlying concept that is being tested. The Human Anatomy and Physiology diagnostic test results highlight how you performed on each area of the test. You can then utilize the results to create a personalized study plan that is based on your particular area of need
Gray, Henry. Anatomy of the Human Body
Humans Homo sapiens are the most abundant and widespread species of primatecharacterized by bipedalism and large, complex brains. This has enabled the development of advanced toolscultureand language.
Humans are highly social and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. Social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social normsand rituals human anatomy essays, which bolster human society.
Curiosity and the human desire to understand and influence human anatomy essays environment and to explain and manipulate phenomena have motivated humanity's development of sciencephilosophymythologyreligionand other fields of study. Although some scientists equate humans with all members of the genus Homoin common usage it generally refers to Homo sapiensthe only extant member.
sapiens emerged aroundhuman anatomy essays ago, evolving from Homo heidelbergensis and migrating out of Africagradually replacing local populations of archaic humans. For most of history, all humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers, human anatomy essays. The Neolithic Revolutionwhich began in Southwest Asia around 13, years ago, saw the emergence of agriculture and permanent human settlement. As populations became larger and denser, forms of governance developed within and between communities and a number human anatomy essays civilizations have risen and fallen.
Humans have continued to expand, with a global population of over 7. Genes and the environment influence human biological variation in visible characteristics, physiology, disease susceptibility, mental abilities, body size and life span.
The greatest degree of genetic variation exists between males and females. On average, men have greater body strength and women generally have a higher body fat percentage. Females undergo menopause and become infertile at around the age of Females on average also have a longer life span in almost every population around the world.
The nature of male and female gender roles has varied historically, and challenges to predominant gender norms have recurred in many societies. Humans are omnivoroushuman anatomy essays, capable of consuming a wide variety of plant and animal material, and have used fire and other forms of heat to prepare and cook food since the time of H.
They can survive for up to eight weeks without food, and three or four days without water. Humans are generally diurnalsleeping on average seven to nine hours per day. Childbirth is dangerous, with a high risk of complications, injury and death, human anatomy essays. Often, both the mother and the father provide care and shelter for their children, who are helpless at birth.
Humans have a large and highly developed prefrontal cortexthe region of the brain associated with higher cognition. They are intelligent, capable of episodic memoryflexible facial expressions, self-awareness and a theory of mind.
The human mind is capable of introspectionprivate thoughtimaginationhuman anatomy essays and forming views on existence. This has allowed great technological advancements and complex tool development possible through reason and the transmission of knowledge to future generations. Language, human anatomy essays, art and trade are defining characteristics of humans. Long-distance trade routes might have led to cultural explosions and resource distribution that gave humans an advantage over other similar species.
All modern humans are classified into the species Human anatomy essays sapienscoined by Carl Linnaeus in his 18th-century work Systema Naturae. sapiens or not, human anatomy essays. Human is a Middle English loanword from Old French humainultimately from Latin hūmānusthe adjectival form of homō 'man' — in the sense of humankind. It may also refer to individuals of either sex, though this latter form is less common in contemporary English.
The word person is often used interchangeably with humanbut philosophical debate exists as to whether personhood applies to all human beings or all sentient beings, and further if one can lose personhood such as by going into a persistent vegetative state. Humans are apes superfamily Hominoidea. The splitting date between human and chimpanzee lineages is placed 8—4 million years ago, during the late Miocene epoch, [12] [13] [14] with a more constrained interval 8—7 million proposed by some geneticists.
Pongo tapanuliensis. Pongo pygmaeus. Gorilla gorilla. Gorilla beringei. Pan troglodytes. The genus Homo evolved from Australopithecus.
The earliest record of Homo is the 2. The appearance of the genus coincides with the invention of stone tool manufacturing. erectus the African variant is sometimes called H. ergaster evolved 2 million years ago and was the first archaic human species to leave Africa and disperse across Eurasia.
erectus also was the first to evolve a characteristically human body plan. Homo sapiens emerged in Africa aroundyears ago from a species commonly designated as either H. heidelbergensis or H. rhodesiensisthe descendants of H. erectus that remained in Africa. sapiens migrated out of the continent, gradually replacing local populations of archaic humans. The "out of Africa" migration took place in at least two waves, the first aroundtoyears ago, the second Southern Dispersal around 70, to 50, years ago.
sapiens proceeded to colonize all the continents and larger islands, arriving in Eurasia 60, human anatomy essays, years ago, [24] [25] Australia around 65, human anatomy essays, years ago, [26] the Americas around 15, years ago, and remote islands such as Hawaii, Easter IslandMadagascarand New Zealand between the years and CE. Human evolution was not a simple linear or branched progression but involved interbreeding between related species.
Human evolution is characterized by a number of morphologicaldevelopmentalphysiologicalhuman anatomy essays, and behavioral changes that have taken place since the split between the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees. The most significant of these adaptations are obligate bipedalism, increased brain size and decreased sexual dimorphism neoteny.
The relationship between all these changes is the subject of human anatomy essays debate. Until about 12, years ago, all humans lived as hunter-gatherers.
Agriculture and sedentary lifestyle led to the emergence of early civilizations. An urban revolution took place in the 4th millennium BC E with the development of city-statesparticularly Sumerian cities located in Mesopotamia. Babylonians came to dominate Mesopotamia while others, [59] such as Poverty Point culturesMinoans and the Shang dynastyrose to prominence in new areas.
In the 5th century BCE, history started being recorded as a disciplineso providing a much clearer picture of life at the time. The Maya civilization started to build cities and create complex calendars. Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire inEurope entered the Middle Ages. It led to an Islamic Golden Agehuman anatomy essays, inspiring achievements in architecturethe revival of old advances human anatomy essays science and technology, and the formation of a distinct way of life.
Throughout the early modern period — the Ottomans controlled the lands around the Mediterranean Basin[85] Japan entered the Edo period[86] the Qing dynasty rose in China [87] and the Mughal Empire ruled much of India. The late modern period —present saw the Technological and Industrial Revolution bring such discoveries as imaging technologymajor innovations in transport and energy development.
Early human settlements were dependent on proximity to water and—depending on the lifestyle—other natural resources used for subsistencesuch as populations of animal prey for hunting and arable land for growing crops and grazing livestock.
Humans are one of the most adaptable species, despite having a narrow tolerance to many of the earth's extreme environments. Most other species are confined to a few geographical areas by their limited adaptability. Within the last century, humans have explored challenging environments such as Antarctica, the deep seaand outer space. Estimates of the population at the time agriculture emerged in around 10, BC have ranged between 1 million and 15 million.
It has then increased exponentially, reaching two billion in and three billion infour infive in and six billion in In4, human anatomy essays. Humans have had a dramatic effect on the environment. They are apex predatorsbeing rarely preyed upon by other species, human anatomy essays. Most aspects of human physiology are closely homologous to corresponding aspects of animal physiology. The human body consists of the legsthe torsothe arms, the neckand the head.
An adult human body consists of about trillion 10 14 cells. The most commonly defined body systems in humans are the nervousthe cardiovascularthe digestivethe endocrinethe immunethe integumentarythe lymphaticthe musculoskeletalhuman anatomy essays, the reproductivethe respiratoryand the urinary system. Humans have proportionately shorter palates and much smaller teeth than other primates. They are the only primates to have short, human anatomy essays, relatively flush canine teeth.
Humans have characteristically crowded teeth, with gaps from lost teeth usually closing up quickly in young individuals. Humans are gradually losing their third molarswith some individuals having them congenitally absent. Humans share with chimpanzees a vestigial tail, appendixflexible shoulder joints, grasping fingers and opposable thumbs.
It is estimated that the worldwide average height for an adult human male is about cm 5 ft 7 inwhile the worldwide average height for adult human females is about cm 5 ft 3 in. Humans have a far faster and more accurate throw than other animals. Like most animals, humans are a diploid eukaryotic species. Each somatic cell has two sets of 23 chromosomeseach set received from one parent; gametes have only one set of chromosomes, human anatomy essays, which is a mixture of the two parental sets.
Among the 23 pairs of chromosomes, there are 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. Like other mammals, humans have an XY sex-determination systemso that females have the sex chromosomes XX and males have XY. The exact influence of genes and environment on certain traits is not well understood. While no humans—not even human anatomy essays twins —are genetically identical, [] two humans on average will have a genetic similarity of The human genome was first sequenced in [] and by hundreds of thousands of genomes had been sequenced.
While many of the common variants found in populations outside of Africa are also found on the African continent, there are still large numbers that are private to these regions, especially Oceania and the Human anatomy essays up to tens of thousands.
Most human reproduction takes place by internal fertilization via sexual intercoursebut can also occur through assisted reproductive technology procedures. Compared with other species, human childbirth human anatomy essays dangerous, with a much higher risk of complications and death, human anatomy essays.
In contrast, pregnancy and natural childbirth remain hazardous ordeals in developing regions of the world, with maternal death rates approximately times greater than in developed countries. Both the mother and the father provide care for human offspring, in contrast to other primates, where parental care is mostly done by the mother.
What Gluten Does to the Body
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Feb 01, · Anatomy of the Eye. Sclera. The sclera is outermost layer of the eyeball. It is the white (and opaque) part of the eyeball. Muscles responsible for Welcome to Free College Essays. Here at Free College Essays we are dedicated to helping students with all of their free essay needs. To gain access to our database of free essays and term papers database please click on one of the links below. We have free essays and term papers in over 50 categories, and new papers are added daily. 10 Sample Human is a Middle English loanword from Old French humain, ultimately from Latin hūmānus, the adjectival form of homō ('man' — in the sense of humankind). The native English term man can refer to the species generally (a synonym for humanity) as well as to human males. It may also refer to individuals of either sex, though this latter form
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